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Kant, Immanuel

Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804), German philosopher, considered by many the most influential thinker of modern times. Born in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), April 22, 1724, Kant received his education at the Collegium Fredericianum and the University of Königsberg....

Kierkegaard, Soren

Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher and religious thinker who wrote literary and philosophical essays that reacted against Hegelian philosophy and the state church in Denmark, setting the stage for modern existentialism. Kierkegaard was born in Copenhagen, the...

Kristeva, Julia

Julia Kristeva’s name is widely recognised in Europe and America. In France, where Kristeva is a practising psychoanalyst and a professor in linguistics, she is regarded as an outstanding critic who has popular appeal as well, and her latest book which is an extensive...

Lacan, Jacques-Marie Emile

Lacan, Jacques-Marie Emile, (1901-1981), French psychoanalyst. Lacan qualified as a Doctor of Medicine before studying psychiatry under Henri Claude and Gatian de Clerambaut and worked at a special clinic attached to the Prefecture of Police. Lacan was not made a full...

Langeveld, Jan Martinus

Martinus J. Langeveld obtained his doctorate with a dissertation entitled Taal en Denken in 12 tot 14 Jarige Leerlingen (Language and Thinking in 12 to 14 Year Old Students) (1934). In 1939, he received the Chair in Pedagogy at the University of Utrecht. Until World...

Levinas, Emmanuel

Levinas, Emmanuel (1905-), French existentialist philosopher. Levinas was born in Lithuania, studied in Strasbourg and then Freiburg, where he was taught by both Husserl and Heidegger in 1928. After the war, Levinas was Professor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne until...