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Diogenes

Dogenes was born around 413 B.C in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea. He was once caught in counterfeiting the currency with his father and was banished from the city. So, he went to Athens, where he sought Antisthenes, the founder of cynicism, as his mentor....

Foucault, Michel Paul

Foucault, Michel Paul, (1926-1984), French philosopher and sexologist. Professor of the history of systems of thought, College de France (from 1970); a leading French intellectual. Works included Madness and Civilization (1961), a study of madness and its treatment in...

Freud, Sigmund

Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia (today Czech Republic). He studied in Vienna under Ernst Brucke, and then in Paris under Charcot; between 1882 and 1885 he worked in the Vienna General Hospital; Later he was worked as professor...

Gadamer, Hans-Georg

Hans-Georg Gadamer, born Feb. 11, 1900 in Marburg, Germany, is best known for his important contribution to hermeneutics through his major work, Wahrheit und Methode (Truth and Method). His system of philosophical hermeneutics is a response, through an exploration of...

Garfinkel, Harold

Harold Garfinkel is a well known contemporary scholar in the United States on the studies of ethnomethodology. He invented the term ethnomethodology and was considered the cofounder of this school of thought. Ethnomethodology looks at how individuals communicate while...

Habermas, Jürgen

Jürgen Habermas is widely considered as the most influential thinker in Germany over the past decade (1970-80). As a philosopher and sociologist he has mastered and creatively articulated an extraordinary range of specialized literature in the social sciences, social...